Norman Bethune and Transfusion in the Spanish Civil War.

Chronicles how military surgeon Norman Bethune brought refrigerated blood in quantity to the front lines in the Spanish Civil War in 1936. Involvement at the Republican Army Transfusion Service in Madrid, Spain; Story of how Bethune organized the collection and transport of refrigerated blood; Appointment of Bethune as head of the transfusion service; Major Contributions of Bethune to transfusion medicine.