Crippling analysis of composite stringers based on complete unloading method

This paper addresses a nonlinear finite element method for the crippling analysis of composite laminated stringers. For the finite element modeling, a nine-node laminated shell element based on the first order shear deformation theory is used. Failure-induced stiffness degradation is simulated by the complete unloading method. A modified arc-length algorithm is incorporated in the nonlinear finite element method to trace the post-failure equilibrium path after a local buckling. Finite element results show excellent agreement with those of previous experiment. A parametric study is performed to assess the effect of the flange-width, web-height, and stacking sequence on the buckling, local buckling, and crippling stresses of stringers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]