Editorial: Automation in green manufacturing.

The central theme of this Special Issue is emerging opportunities and future directions in automation for green manufacturing, where information technology basedmodeling, analysis, control and optimization are the focus areas. The purpose is to show the state-of-the-art research and applications in the general area of automation in green manufacturing, by bringing together researchers and practitioners from both academia and industry, to address the significant advancement, expose the unsolved challenges, present the critical needs for integration with new technologies, and provide visions for future research and development. This Special Issue presents original, significant and visionary automation papers describing scientific models, methods and technologies with both solid theoretical development and practical importance that improve process, efficiency, productivity, quality, and reliability in green manufacturing. The contributions in this Special Issue can be divided into the following categories in green manufacturing: renewable energy products and systems; energy savings in manufacturing processes and systems; remanufacturing system design; and emission reduction in supply chain management. Specifically, the following papers are included in this Special Issue. The first category addresses renewable energy source, which includes manufacturing and operation of alternative energy products, such as batteries for electric vehicles, and system design to support manufacturing activities using renewable energy sources, such as electricity generated by wind turbines and solar panels. The second category focuses on energy savings in manufacturing, such as operational control and robot scheduling to minimize energy consumptions in production, optimal design of facility and production to reduce energy cost. The third category extends the study to remanufacturing, which plays a significant role to achieve sustainability and multiple life cycles. This includes remanufacturing system analysis, design and optimization, such as strategies for recycling, reassembly, etc. Finally, the last category considers supply chain management, within which multiple firms work together to reduce negative environmental impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]