Soil moisture sensors based on metamaterials.

In this paper novel miniature metamaterial-based soil moisture sensors are presented. The sensors are based on resonant-type metamaterials and employ split-ring resonators (SRR), spiral resonators and fractal SRRs to achieve small dimensions, high sensitivity, and compatibility with standard planar fabrication technologies. All these features make the proposed sensors suitable for deployment in agriculture for precise mapping of soil humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]