Effect of lifestyle on the risk of gestational diabetes and obstetric outcomes in immigrant Hispanic women living in Spain.

Background: Data about the immigrant population living in Spain, their lifestyle habits, and risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe risk factors for the onset of GDM, the evolution of gestation and delivery, and newborns of Hispanic women living in Spain compared with those of Spanish women. Methods: A semiquantitative questionnaire regarding lifestyle habits was administered to 459 pregnant women (115 Hispanic) with a positive O'Sullivan test (24-28 weeks gestation) between 1 April 2007 and 31 March 2008. Information was collected regarding gestation, delivery, and the newborn. Results: The prevalence of GDM increased with mother's age, pregestational overweight/obesity, and multiparity. In addition, GDM was associated with lower pregestational fiber and a lower intake of low glycaemic index foods in Hispanic women. The odds ratios (OR) for the total population were 2.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28-5.01) for overweight, 3.68 (95% CI 1.72-7.90) for obesity, 3.83 (95% 2.03-7.23) for age ≥35 years, and 1.64 (95% CI 1.02-3.01) for multiparity. Newborns from the Hispanic population were significantly heavier than newborns from Spanish women and the rate of Caesarean delivery was significantly higher in the Hispanic population with GDM compared with those without GDM. Conclusions: The immigrant Hispanic population living in Spain trends to acquire the same risk factors associated with lifestyle to the indigenous population. Preventive strategies must stress increased physical activity and fiber intake, decreased intake of sweetened beverages, and an effective reduction in body weight before pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]