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An introduction is presented in which the editors discuss various reports within a special section of the issue examining science-related issues facing the winner of the 2012 U.S. presidential election, including the federal science policy in the House of Representatives, the influence of negative advertising on voting behavior, and a proposal in California to label genetically-modified food. Also presented are articles on funding, defense research, and energy research, including one on federal aid to basic research, one on the U.S. Department of Defense's (DOD) basic research budget, and one on cuts to the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) research budget.