Caleb Verbois 2011 SPSA Paper The Presidency and Intelligence Gathering NSA Warrantless Wiretapping.

The article discusses the failure of the U.S. government in achieving good foreign intelligence that has led to the events of September 11, 2001. It informs that from the starting of the U.S. Republic, the need for good intelligence in wartime has been critical. The U.S. President George Bush mentioned that foreign intelligence forms the basic part of the constitutional authority.