Macroscale Independently Homogenized Subcells for Modeling Braided Composites.

An analytical method has been developed to analyze the impact response of triaxially braided carbon fiber composites, including the penetration velocity and impact damage patterns. In the analytical model, the triaxial braid architecture is simulated by using four parallel shell elements, each of which is modeled as a laminated composite. Currently, each shell element is considered to be a smeared homogeneous material. The commercial transient dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA is used to conduct the simulations, and a continuum damage mechanics model internal to LS-DYNA is used as the material constitutive model. To determine the stiffness and strength properties required for the constitutive model, a top-down approach for determining the strength properties is merged with a bottom-up approach for determining the stiffness properties. The top-down portion uses global strengths obtained from macroscale coupon-level testing to characterize the material strengths for each subcell. The bottom-up portion uses microscale fiber and matrix stiffness properties to characterize the material stiffness for each subceii. Simulations of quasi-static coupon-level tests for several representative composites are conducted along with impact simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]