Uniaxial and non-proportionally multiaxial ratcheting of U71Mn rail steel: experiments and simulations

The ratcheting and strain cyclic characteristics of U71Mn rail steel were experimentally researched under uniaxial and non-proportionally multiaxial cyclic loading at room temperature. The effects of cyclic strain, stress and their histories on strain cyclic characteristics and ratcheting were studied, respectively. It is shown that: U71Mn rail steel exhibits a cyclic stabilization and non-memorization for previous loading history under strain cycling; however, the ratcheting of the material depends greatly not only on the current values of mean stress and stress amplitude, but also on their histories; the non-proportionality of multiaxial loading path only causes a negligible additional hardening for the material. Based on the Ohno–Wang non-linear kinematic hardening model [Int. J. Plast. 9 (1993) 375, 391], the uniaxial and multiaxial ratcheting behaviours of the material were simulated by a visco-plastic constitutive model. The simulated results are in good consistence with the experimental ones. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]