Influence of ionic strength and pH on the first 60 min of Pseudomonas aeruginosa attachment to ZnSe and to TiO2 monitored by ATR-IR spectroscopy

Establishing the factors which influence the attachment of bacteria to surfaces is important in both preventing and enhancing biofilm formation. The initial hour of attachment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ZnSe and to TiO2 from solutions of different ionic strength and pH was studied using in situ attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The TiO2 surface was prepared by dip-coating a ZnSe internal reflection element, which produced a ∼50 nm thick, continuous flat film. At pH 6.3 attachment was found to increase with ionic strength up to 0.03 mol l−1 but to decrease at 0.15 mol l−1. At an ionic strength of 0.003 mol l−1 attachment increased with pH from 4 to 6.3 to 10, but at ionic strength of 0.03 mol l−1 attachment was greater at pH 6.3 than at pH 10. The influence of ionic strength appears to be due to charge factors and/or related changes in the degree of extension of bacterial surface polymers. The complex trends in the influence of pH on attachment can not be explained solely in terms of bacterial and substrate charge, bacterial surface polymer extension or bacterial metabolic activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]