Experimental and numerical study of the Kaiser effect in cyclic Brazilian tests with disk rotation

Sensitivity of the Kaiser effect to the deviations of the directions of σ1-principal stress experienced by rock in successive loading cycles has an important impact on the application of this effect for stress measurements in rocks. The paper presents an analysis of the gradual Kaiser effect degradation with increasing deviation of the principal stress axes between loading cycles in Brazilian experiments. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the Kaiser effect in cyclic loading tests of disk specimens of a brittle limestone in diametrical compression with acoustic emission measurement. Tests were performed in which disks were loaded in two cycles without or with rotations between successive cycles. The rotation angle varied between 0° and 90°. The Kaiser effect became gradually less pronounced with increasing rotation angle, but remained detectable for angles <10°. Rotation by more than 10° resulted in complete disappearance of the effect. These experimental results were confirmed by numerical simulations using the displacement discontinuity method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]