Not much helicity is needed to drive large-scale dynamos.

Understanding the in situ amplification of large-scale magnetic fields in turbulent astrophysical rotators has been a core subject of dynamo theory. When turbulent velocities are helical, large-scale dynamos that substantially amplify fields on scales that exceed the turbulent forcing scale arise, but the minimum sufficient fractional kinetic helicity fh,c has not been previously well quantified. Using direct numerical simulations for a simple helical dynamo, we show that fh,c decreases as the ratio of forcing to large-scale wave numbers kF/kmin increases. From the condition that a large-scale helical dynamo must overcome the back reaction from any nonhelical field on the large scales, we develop a theory that can explain the simulations. For kF/kmin ⪰ 8 we find fh,c ≲ 3%, implying that very small helicity fractions strongly influence magnetic spectra for even moderate-scale separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]