Non-Gaussian gas hydrate grade simulation at the Mallik site, Mackenzie Delta, Canada

Abstract: For the past decades, gas hydrate reservoirs have beneficiated from an increasing attention in the academic and industrial worlds. As a result, there is a growing need to develop specific and comprehensive gas hydrate reservoir characterization methods. This study explores the use of a stochastic Bayesian algorithm to integrate well-logs and 3D acoustic impedance in order to estimate gas hydrate grades (product of saturation and total porosity) over a representative volume of the Mallik gas hydrate field, located in the Mackenzie Delta, Northwest Territories of Canada. First, collocated log data from boreholes Mallik 5L-38 and 2L-38 are used to estimate the statistical relationship between acoustic impedance and gas hydrate grades. Second, conventional stochastic Bayesian simulation is applied to generate multiple gas hydrate grade 3D fields integrating log data and lateral variability of 3D acoustic impedance. These equiprobable scenarios permit to quantify the uncertainty over the estimation, and identify zones where this uncertainty is greater. Contrary to conventional stochastic reservoir modeling workflows, the proposed method allows integrating non Gaussian and non linear distributions. This permits to handle bimodal distributions without using complex stochastic transforms. The results present gas hydrate grade values that are in accordance with well-log data. The relatively low standard deviation calculated at each pixel using all realizations suggests that gas hydrate grades is well explained by acoustic impedance and log data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]