Integral equation theory of polymers: Translational invariance approximation and properties of an isolated linear polymer in solution.

In this paper, we continue investigations on the solution methods for the generalized Percus–Yevick equations for the pair correlation functions of polymers, which were formulated in the previous papers of this series [J. Chem. Phys. 99, 4084, 4103 (1993)]. Previously, they were reduced to recursive integral equations and solved numerically. In this paper, a translational invariance approximation is used to reduce the number of integral equations to solve. In this approximation, only N integral equations out of N2 integral equations are required for a polymer consisting of N beads (monomers). The behavior of an isolated polymer is studied with three different potential models, a soft sphere, a hard sphere, and a Lennard-Jones potential. The main motivation for considering these three potential models is in testing the idea of universality commonly believed to hold for some properties of polymers. We find that the universality holds for the power law exponent for the expansion factor of polymers at high temperatures. The end-to-end distance distribution functions, intermediate distribution functions, chemical potentials, the density distributions, and various expansion factors of the polymer chain are computed from the solutions of the integral equations in the case of coiled, ideal, and collapsed states of the polymer. The expansion factors in the collapsed regime are found to obey power laws with respect to the length of the polymer and [B(T)-B(θ)], where B(T) is the second virial coefficient and θ is a modified θ temperature. The values of these exponents approach those from the known theories of polymer collapse as the chain length becomes long and the ratio of bond length to bead radius becomes large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]