Lifetime leisure-time physical activity and the risk of depressive symptoms at the ages of 65–74years: The FIN-D2D survey

Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the association between lifetime leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and depressive symptoms (DS) based on the population-based FIN-D2D cross-sectional survey conducted in 2007. Methods: Nine hundred twenty seven randomly selected Finnish men and women aged 65–74years were included in this study. DS were determined with the Beck Depression Inventory (≥10 points), and lifetime historical LTPA frequency from age 15years onwards was recalled retrospectively. Results: The frequency of LTPA was highest at the ages of 15–24years in both the DS present and not present groups (14.6 times per month). LTPA frequency was significantly lower among those with DS compared with those without DS at the age of 45–54 (10.0 vs. 11.3, p =0.041), 55–64 (9.6 vs. 12.6, p <0.001), and 65–74 (8.6 vs. 11.9, p <0.001). Also the prevalence of somatic diseases was higher for those with DS compared with participants without DS. Conclusions: This study reveals lifetime LTPA variation and its potential consequences. The relationship found between reduced lifetime LTPA and the occurrence of DS suggest that promoting LTPA throughout one''s lifetime would be beneficial in terms of DS and somatic diseases in older age. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]