Traitement pharmacologique des comportements problématiques associés aux troubles du spectre autistique : revue de la littérature

Abstract: Global Management of autistic people primarily requires behavioral and educational therapy. There is actually no psychopharmacological agent that is efficient on the core symptoms of autism, especially the social and communicative impairments. However psychotropic medications are widely prescribed in this population and as mush as one out two people with autism receives at least one medication. In this population, medications are mainly directed at the frequently associated behavioral symptoms such as aggression toward self or others, tantrums, hyperactivity, severe repetitive behaviors. The goal of this article is to provide a review of the existing controlled studies in this area. The presented studies aim the following therapeutic classes: atypical antipsychotics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), psychostimulants and antiepileptics. The studies and their main results in terms of efficiency and safety are presented in tables. Atypical antipsychotics, especially risperidone and aripiprazole have been shown to be useful in the treatment of behavioral symptoms. SSRI seem to have limited interest for the management of repetitive behaviors. Stimulants can help in case of hyperactivity and attention deficit associated with Autism spectrum disorders. Antiepileptics show promising results, but the best indications for this class are not clear. For sleep disturbances, melatonin can be a safe and efficient option. Challenging behaviors requires careful investigation to understand their origin in order to provide the specific management. The first answer should be environmental and educational. Somatic or mental diseases should be carefully assessed. Medication use in this vulnerable population should carefully evaluate the benefit/risk balance. Medications should be prescribed at the minimum dose for the minimum duration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]