Parotidite bactérienne aiguë chez les nourrissons de moins de 3mois : étude rétrospective dans un centre hospitalier universitaire

Summary: Background: Acute bacterial parotitis is a rare infectious disease in infants under 3months of age. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and the course of acute bacterial parotitis in infants less than 3months old. Patients and methods: Infants under 3months of age, hospitalized at Robert Debré university hospital, Paris, France, between January 2005 and December 2009 for acute bacterial parotitis, were included in a retrospective study. Results: Five infants less than 3months of age were included in this study, for a frequency of 2.5/1000 hospitalizations in this age group. All were born at term, 4 of 5 were male. Three of the 5 patients had specific clinical signs of parotitis on admission. One patient had septic shock on admission. The ultrasound confirmed the parotitis in all cases. No parotid abscess was demonstrated on imaging. All patients had at least one abnormal inflammatory biological test (WBC, CRP, PCT). Bacteria were identified in 4 of 5 cases: Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in the pus culture of the Stenon duct in 2 patients and a group B Streptococcus was isolated from blood culture of 2 other patients. The duration of intravenous antibiotic therapy varied from 4 to 13days, and the total duration of antibiotic therapy was between 10 and 16days. No surgical procedures were needed. Conclusion: Acute bacterial parotitis in infants under 3months of age might be associated with localized infections due to S. aureus, but also with a more severe clinical presentation due to group B streptococcus infection. Early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy might prevent the progression to serious complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]