Anatase TiO2 sols derived from peroxotitanium acid and to form transparent TiO2 compact film for dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract: Transparent and surfactant-free TiO2 sols containing anatase nanocrystals were prepared by the hydrothermal treatment of water-soluble peroxotitanium acid (PTA) at a temperature of 120°C. The TiO2 nanocrystals were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM results indicated that the TiO2 nanocrystals were nanorod-like with diameters of less than 7nm after the subsequently hydrothermal treatment. A gradient layer between the transparent fluorine doped SnO2 (FTO) layer and the porous titanium dioxide nanocrystalline film for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) photoelectrodes, was made with the as-prepared TiO2 sols. The TiO2 gradient layers were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy and UV–vis absorption spectrometry. After the gradient layer deposition on the FTO coated glass, the composite multilayer film exhibited the visible light transmittance of 80% which approached to that of bare FTO glass. The photo-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of the N719 dye-sensitized solar cell had significantly improved from 4.2% to 5.6% in the presence of the compact layer between FTO and the porous TiO2 nanocrystalline film under of AM1.5 illumination (100mW/cm2). The remarkable improvements in short-circuit current for the DSSCs was due to the effective gradient layer at the FTO–TiO2 interface which prevented direct contact of electrolytes with FTO and consequently reduced charge recombination losses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]