Does tumor necrosis factor α inhibition promote or prevent heart failure in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

The article considers the hazard risk of developing or worsening heart failure among patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have been treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha inhibitors. According to the authors, three-year heart failure incidence rates among patients with cardiovascular disease was at 2.2 percent, while those without cardiovascular problem at the start of treatment was at 0.4 percent. They conclude that TNF alpha inhibitor treatment is more beneficial than harmful.