DNA methylation profile in human placental tissues.

For the first time, DNA methylation patterns in the human cytotrophoblast and the extraembryonic mesoderm were determined using a genome-wide Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip Array (Illumina, United States). These tissues are derivatives of the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass of the blastocyst and have substantial differences in the dynamics of epigenetic genome reprogramming during early stages of differentiation. It was shown that the genome of the extraembryonic mesoderm cells was more methylated than that of the cytotrophoblast, similarly to the findings in other mammalian species. There were differences in the methylation patterns of single CpG dinucleotides and dinucleotides located within promoter CpG islands: in both tissues most single CpG dinucleotides were methylated, promoters CpG island sites were not. A comparative analysis revealed 202 differentially methylated genes in the extraembryonic mesoderm and 40 such genes in the cytotrophoblast. These genes are responsible for a number of diverse biological processes. However, in the extraembryonic mesoderm, a majority of genes identified were responsible for DNA binding and transcriptional factor activity, whereas those identified in the cytotrophoblast were responsible for transport and protein and cytokine secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]