Recapitalizing the Fleet: A Material Analysis of Late-Nineteenth-Century U.S. Naval Power.

This article quantitatively analyzes American naval-force structure from 1869 to 1899. It makes four arguments: first, that operational capabilities lagged behind political decisions by many years; second, that antiquated ships imposed a significant financial burden on the U.S. Navy; third, that successful fleet operations required a technologically compatible force structure; and finally, that the United States was ill-prepared to fight a major maritime war until about 1897. U.S. naval power during the Spanish-American War was thus both novel and fragile, and might have failed had it been put to the test earlier. The article also compares American naval recapitalization to other capital-intensive industries and to earlier periods in naval history, such as the galley era and the age of sail, and concludes with potential lessons for contemporary policymakers and military leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]