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The article discusses the highlights of the general meetings held by the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) and its Division of Chemistry and Materials Science in Moscow, Russia on May 17 and 18, 2010. At the Division's meeting, Academician Secretary of the Division V. A. Tartakovsky presented a report on the 2009 activities of the Division. Meanwhile, at RAS's general meeting, the 2009 activities and achievements of RAS were highlighted, along with the importance of enhancing fundamental science and the major problems in extremal combinatorial theory.