The Man Who Remade Alexandria.

The article focuses on how 19th century Ottoman governor of Egypt, or Pasha, Muhammad Ali helped to restore the city of Alexandria, Egypt. The author argues that the policies of Ali also set the country of Egypt on the path of later political autonomy and independence. Some of the programs instituted to modernize Egypt included educating Egyptians in Europe, introducing quarantines to limit the spread of infectious diseases, initiating public works programs, allowing freedom of religion, and seeking to promote foreign trade against Ottoman policies. An overview of early nineteenth century international relations between Egypt, the Ottoman Empire, and Europe is presented.