Before Internment, Between Nations, Beyond Integration: Asian Migration Studies in the Shadow of Yuji Ichioka, Him Mark Lai, and Edgar Wickberg.

An essay is presented which focuses on the contributions of scholars Yuji Ichioka, Him Mark Lai, and Edgar Wickberg to the fields of Japanese American, Chinese American, and Chinese Canadian history in light of the scholars' deaths in the 21st century. The article explores books authored by the scholars including "Before Internment: Essays in Prewar Japanese American History" by Ichioka, "Becoming Chinese American" by Lai, and "The Chinese in Philippine Life" by Wickberg.