Gobernabilidad metropolitana, democracia y eficiencia. Una comparación Barcelona-Montreal.

This article explores the construction of metropolitan legitimacy on the basis of three dimensions: output-oriented (outcome of public policies), input-oriented (citizen representation and accountability) and throughput-oriented (the process of decision-making). The debate on efficiency and democracy has been conceptualized by three schools of thought (reform, public choice and new regionalism), discussed in the first part. These approaches promote their own models of metropolitan governance with alternative views on legitimacy. However, the debate on the metropolitan legitimacy has focused on the dimension of the outcomes at the expense of the democratic dimension. The comparison between Barcelona and Montreal in the second part of the article explores the reasons for the democratic deficit in metropolitan areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]