Microstructure and mechanical properties of UFG medium carbon steel processed by HPT at increased temperature.

Using the high pressure torsion (HPT) deformation method the medium carbon steel (AISI 1045) was the experimental material used to conduct the deformation process. The torsion deformation experiment was performed at increased temperature of 400 °C. The influence of deformation processing parameters, resolved shear strain γ (number of turns N = 1–6) and applied pressure p (constant pressure of 7 GPa), was evaluated by microstructure analysis and mechanical properties. The strength behaviour was assessed by microhardness measurements across the disc to detect the positional hardening, by tensile tests and in situ measured torque. In situ measurement of torque during deformation allows characterizing the changes in mechanical properties due to the large shear deformation developed across the disc. To obtain absolute values of strength the ultimate tensile strength was measured in radial direction with respect to the deformed sample. From each deformed disc two sub-sized tensile test specimens with gauge length of 2.5 mm were machined. The tensile strength in samples increased markedly with the number of turns. The hardness measured at disc edge gradually increases as straining increases until it saturates after 2–3 turns. However, the hardness values at edge were different from those measured in disc centre and for applied straining no saturation was reached across the disc. The SEM and TEM investigations were carried out to analyze the fine microstructure evolution regarding the strain introduced. To follow the difference in strain distribution across the deformed disc the microstructure analysis was performed at edge and central site of the disc in order to evaluate the effect of the strain distribution. TEM investigation confirmed the increasing misorientation even in very small grains, the fragmentation and dissolution of the cementite lamellae, (diffuse cementite/ferrite boundaries), the alignment of the fragments to the shear plane with increasing deformation. Indistinct deformation of ferrite and preserved cementite lamellae morphology were found at the centre of the disc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]