Dynamic ferroelectric hysteresis scaling behavior of – bulk ceramics

Abstract: Polarization–field (P–E) hysteresis loops of – bulk ceramics were measured under sinusoidal electric fields over a frequency range of Hz and an amplitude range of 20–50 kV/cm. The scaling relations of the hysteresis loop area versus the frequency and amplitude of the applied field for the saturated loops take different forms in the low and high frequency ranges. From these two relations, it can be concluded that the relationship is a power law increase in the low frequency range while in the high frequency range the relationship turns into a power law decrease. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]