The ASTRAL Trial results revisited—to stent or not to stent in renal artery stenosis?

In this article the authors discuss the risk found in the angioplasty and stenting for renal artery lesions (ASTRAL). They muse on the controversial role of percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA)/stenting in renal artery stenosis (RAS) despite the findings. The authors conclude that there is no treatment that fits all but the complex pathophysiologic processes involving RAS require treatment modalities that must be individualized.