Complications of laparoscopic renal surgery.

This review will summarize reported complications of laparoscopic renal surgery (LRS) and provide a concise summary and clinical pathway to prevent, identify and manage complications associated with LRS. Complications are not reported in a uniform manner and we strongly encourage the use of the Clavien or other classification systems to facilitate future comparison. Comorbidities, body mass index, renal function, renal anomalies, and lack of surgeon proficiency may adversely affect outcomes whereas age does not. Trocar access, pneumoperitoneum, and patient positioning reflect aspects unique to laparoscopy that may present specific challenges to the urologist. Articles pertaining to complications in LRS are examined and discussed. Major and minor complication rates for LRS have reportedly ranged from 1–6% and 6–17%, respectively. Vascular, bowel, and ureteral injuries are reported as the most commonly encountered intraoperative complications. An appreciation for the data presented may allow the urologist to better avert complications in LRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]