A unified probability density function formulation to model turbulence modification in two-phase flow.

In the present study, a unified probability density function formulation for capturing the phenomena of turbulence modification of the continuous phase due to the dispersed phase turbulence is presented. A stochastic model based on dispersed phase turbulence length scale has been proposed for the purpose. The model has been validated with experimental data [Poelma et al., “Particle fluid interactions in grid-generated turbulence,” J. Fluid Mech. 589, 315 (2007)] on the decay of turbulence of the flow seeded with ceramic particles in a vertical recirculating water channel. The obtained simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Numerical experiments have been performed to investigate the influence of gravity on the decay of the continuous phase Reynolds stresses. For comparison, the influence of dispersed phase turbulence on the continuous phase turbulence without taking gravity into consideration has also been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]