Negotiating Multi-Stakeholder Initiatives: Exploring the Conditions for Successful Cooperation.

Why do some institutions develop into strong ones whereas others remain very weak? I will argue institutional variance can be explained by differences in the socialisation and emulation processes contingent on different structural scope conditions. The paper looks at two recent cases, the Kimberley Process and the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI). In both cases, a transnational advocacy network was able to create a key group pushing for strong institutionalization by socializing governments and companies. Subsequently, this key group attempted to create conditions in which non-socialized actors find it beneficial to emulate the key group's preference by endorsing a strong institution. In the Kimberley Process, the NGOs were able to create a large key group by socializing the most important actors concerned with the issue. Drawing on widespread support, the key group could easily trigger adaptation and emulation from non-socialized actors. In the EITI, however, NGOs failed to socialize a key group large enough to trigger adaptation and emulation. Whether the socialization process succeeds depends on the structural scope conditions specific to the case. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]