Air temperature impacts over Eastern North America and Europe associated with low-frequency North Atlantic SST variability.

The article presents the study on air temperature impacts over Eastern North America and Europe during the low-frequency modes of North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST). The dominant mode of SST, known as the Atlantic multi-decadal oscillation, is a multi-decadal signal, while the second mode, commonly related to North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), shows quasi-decadal range of spectral energy. The study examined several data sets such as the North Atlantic SSTs and mean air temperature. The study found that the during the high phases of the leading mode of SST, air temperature impacts over the eastern U.S. and Northern Europe exhibit the same signs as the SST anomalies and are comparable to the SST and land temperature impacts linked with the NAO in the second mode.