The QT syndromes: long and short.

This article discusses the genetic aspects of long and short QT syndromes, which are irregularities in depolarization and repolarization of the ventricles leading to tachyrhythmia and torsades de pointes. Mutations in the proteins responsible for the formation of ionized sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) channels are presented as a cause of long QT syndrome (LQTS). The series of genetic mutations that can cause short QT syndrome (SQTS), LQTS and other issues including Andersen-Tawil syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia is addressed. The relationship between these different diseases and the electrocardiographic readings that they cause is explored. Treatment options are also noted.