β-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Potently Reduces Appetite Via the Hypothalamus in Chicks.

The melanocortin system together with other appetite-related systems plays a significant role in appetite regulation. The appetite-related effects of one such melanocortin, β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), are well documented in rodents; however, its effects in the avian class are not thoroughly understood. Thus, we designed a study to determine the effects of i.c.v. β-MSH injection on food and water intake, plasma corticosterone concentration, ingestive and non-ingestive behaviours, and hypothalamic neuronal activation using Cobb-500 chicks. Chicks responded to β-MSH-treatment with a reduction in food and water intake; however when water intake was measured independently of food intake, it was not affected. β-MSH-treated chicks also had increased plasma corticosterone concentrations and increased c-Fos reactivity in the periventricular, paraventricular and infundibular nuclei, and the ventromedial hypothalamus; however, the lateral hypothalamus was not affected. The effect on food intake is primary because behaviours that may be competitive with food intake were not increased in β-MSH-treated chicks. Based on these results, we conclude that β-MSH causes anorexigenic effects that are likely primarily mediated via stimulation of satiety-related hypothalamic nuclei in broiler-type chicks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]