Précis of Confusion.

The article discusses the implication of semantic position, which is an evaluative stance with respect to how someone's reasoning ought to be appraised and what criterion of argument-goodness ought to be applied. It cites a case of a boy who was confused of the two ants and mistakenly recognizes that the two ants are the same. Thus, the error of which a confused person is guilty is not the error of believing something false de re. However, philosopher Hartry Field's theory change and the indeterminancy of reference recommends a supervaluational approach to the problem of confusion. However, the author believes that the confused sentences of a confused person can be usefully evaluated as True of False because such sentences do not fit the world tightly enough to be evaluated.