Perspectives for natural working fluids in China

Abstract: China has become one of the largest refrigerants market in the world with the rapid economy development. This paper details the status of natural working fluid research and application developments in China as an essential element for the sustainable economic development and environmental protection. The natural working fluids examined include carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, air and hydrocarbon. Prestigious universities and enterprises in China have made significant achievements in recent years, especially on the application of carbon dioxide, water, and ammonia. Application of absorption and adsorption systems using water and ammonia as refrigerants are promising technically and economically, and various commercialized products have been developed for utilization in industry as well as commercial building. Evaporative/desiccant cooling markets are also expanding quickly in China. However, commercialized products with carbon dioxide as working fluid are still not available in China. Academic and industrial sectors should work together promote the application of carbon dioxide. With the strong support from government and society, it can be expected that more achievements could be obtained in near future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]