Carence iodée: épidémiologie, conséquences, prophylaxie au cours de la grossesse et l'allaitement

Abstract: Iodine intakes in humans are variable with age and physiologic status: in pregnant and lactating women, recommended iodine intakes are from 200 to 300 μg/day. Epidemiological studies in France demonstrate the presence of moderate iodine deficiency in the majority of pregnant and lactating women. This iodine deficiency induces maternal thyroid hyperplasia and then development of goiter in women, as well as impaired thyroid parameters. Maternal hypothyroxinemia during the first trimester of pregnancy can be associated with abnormal cognitive development and intellectual outcomes in the newborn and the children. According to the recent recommendations for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency in pregnant and lactating women from the World Health Organization, systematic iodine prophylaxis is indicated in France: 100 μg/day for women of reproductive age and 200 μg/day for pregnant and lactating women in order to eradicate iodine deficiency during pregnancy and lactation, and to prevent their maternal and fetal consequences. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]