Power: Its Assessment, Tools, and Application to Symphonic Negotiations.

The article focuses on the assessment, tools and application of power to contract negotiations for symphony, opera and ballet orchestra. Every full-time ballet, opera and symphony orchestra in the U.S. and Canada, and most substantial part-time orchestras, are unionized. Since an entire orchestra is difficult to replace, orchestra management has developed other tools to combat that level of unionization, including lockouts. Long-term and short-term remedies in analyzing the power within the orchestra are presented.