IL-10 promoter and IL4-R α gene SNPs are associated with immediate β-lactam allergy in atopic women.

Background: Allergic reactions to β-lactam antibiotics represent the most frequent cause of immunological drug reactions. Objective: This study evaluates the involvement of genetic susceptibility factors in patients with immediate allergic reactions to β-lactams. We examined 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of genes coding proteins implicated in immunoglobulin (Ig)E synthesis regulation. Methods: We performed a case–control study involving 44 patients with immediate β-lactam allergy and 44 control subjects, all matched for sex and atopy. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-4R α, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), interferon (IFN)- γR1, IFN- γR2 and Fc ℇ RI β gene polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism, and IL-21R gene and IL-10 promoter polymorphisms by direct sequencing. Results: Our analysis did not reveal differences in the distribution of the 15 SNPs between allergic patients and controls. However, among atopic subjects, we found two distinct significant associations between immediate β-lactam allergy in women and the Ile75Val variant of IL-4R α gene ( P = 0.012, OR = 5.4, CI: 1.16–27.7), and two linked IL-10 promoter gene polymorphisms, −819C>T and −592 C>A ( P = 0.023, OR = 17.5, CI: 1.26–533.07). In contrast, we observed no association in allergic male subjects in the atopic population. Interestingly, the IL-4R α Ile75Val variant could have a paradoxal protective effect in atopic male patients ( P = 0.004, OR = 0.07, CI: 0.01–0.66). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the IL-10 promoter and IL-4R α genes are genetic factors that favour β-lactam immediate allergies in female patients with atopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]