Implementation of a trapezoidal-rule microwave integrator.

The bilinear transformation is employed to represent the trapezoidal-rule integrator in the Z domain. This formulation, in conjunction with the representations of transmission-line elements in the Z domain, leads to the transmission-line configuration that is eligible for a microwave integrator. A microstrip circuit is implemented to verify the feasibility of the technique. Except for the lower-frequency band, the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical values of the trapezoidal-rule integrator. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 822–825, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21485 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]