First records of the two caridean families, Gnathophyllidae Dana, 1852 and Hymenoceridae Ortmann, 1890 (Decapoda, Palaemonoidea) from Taiwan.

The two caridean families, Gnathophyllidae Dana, 1852 and Hymenoceridae Ortmann, 1890, are reported for the first time from Taiwan with three species. One of these, Phyllognathea simplex Fujino, 1973, is herein recorded from the only male known for this species. The two other species, Gnathophyllum americanum Guérin-Méneville, 1855 and Hymenocera picta Dana, 1852, are widely known circumtropical species, but recently controversy arose if these two species are truly cosmopolitan or represent species complexes. The morphological characters and coloration of the Taiwanese material of these three species are described and illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]