Revisión: efecto del factor estrés, color e intensidad de luz sobre la producción de astaxantina en Haematococcus pluvialis.

Haematococcus pluvialis is a freshwater microalgae that primarily produces astaxanthin. This carotenoid is used as a pigment and as a bioactive compound in different industries such as food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, aquaculture and textiles. In this study, the variables related to light - such as the sources used, the use of photobioreactors, the appropriate photoperiod, the exact value of irradiance and color - were determined and then related to the expression of genes for obtaining astaxanthin in greater quantities. This carotenoid presented its highest production between 81.19 mg/L and 167.97 mg/L, when white fluorescent lamps with irradiances between 150 and 400 μmol m-2 s-1 were used. With the use of red and blue LEDs with white LED, using irradiances between 135 and 400 μmol m-2 s-1, astaxanthin concentrations of 82.82 ± 3.29 mg/L and 151.8mg/L were obtained, respectively. The use of blue and white LEDs increased the expression of the psy and CrtO/bkt genes, significant for accumulating astaxanthin. This research contributes to the technological feasibility of using LEDs due to the advantages they present, the diversity of their sizes (from small), their lightness, durability and efficiency in terms of longer useful life. Furthermore, the amount of light they give off is much greater compared to their energy consumption. Our contribution to technological and biotechnological advances related to the production of astaxanthin can be adapted to the use of photobioreactors, to optimize the cultivation conditions and production of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]