Shade quandle presentations for oriented links.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce an enriched presentation, called a shade quandle presentation, containing information that can be used to normalize Alexander type invariants. We also introduce transformations on shade quandle presentations and show that two shade quandle presentations of an oriented link are related by the transformations. We see that the transformations are finer than the strong Tietze transformations to normalize Alexander type invariants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]