TESLÎS ÜZERİNE SABUNÎ ELEŞTİRİSİ VE TEOLOJİK TARTIŞMALAR.

Islam, Christianity, and Judaism approach the ontological position of Jesus from different theological perspectives, highlighting the epistemological diversity and doctrinal differences among these Abrahamic religions. Judaism generally assigns a lesser degree to Jesus, arguing that he is not the Messiah. Christianity, on the other hand, emphasizes the divinity and sanctity of Jesus, considering him an integral part of the Trinity doctrine. Islam describes Jesus not as a manifestation of divinity but as a prophet, maintaining a balanced perspective between his humanity and his prophetic status. Nûreddin es-Sâbûnî, a Muslim scholar who lived between the 6th and 12th centuries, questions the Trinity doctrine within a rational framework. He argues that the belief in the Trinity contradicts the nature of the one and indivisible Divine essence. This article examines Nûreddin es-Sâbûnî's critiques of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity and the views of contemporary Christian sects on this doctrine. The aim of the study is to explore the theological and doctrinal foundations of the positions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam regarding Jesus, Mary, and the Holy Spirit in relation to the belief in the Trinity. Using a comparative theological analysis method, the study evaluates each religion's approach to Jesus and the interfaith implications of these perspectives. Historically, while some Christian sects attributed divine qualities to Mary, mainstream Christianity views her not as divine but as the holy mother of Jesus. The Quran's depiction of Mary and Jesus reflects this by condemning their deification. Es-Sâbûnî's critiques, informed by Quranic verses, emphasize Islamic criticisms of the Christian Trinity, particularly regarding Mary. These critiques address historical groups like the Collyridians, who saw Mary as a deity, and reflect broader Islamic objections to perceived Christian polytheism. The research concludes that understanding these theological differences promotes empathy and accurate comprehension among different faiths. Es-Sâbûnî's works contribute to authentic knowledge by exemplifying Islamic theological perspectives on Christian doctrines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]