A magyarországi belföldi vándorlás néhány területi jellemzője, 1990-2022.

Current investigation analyses the processes of internal migration in Hungary following the regime change, which is divided into three stages: 1) the period of suburbanization that developed in the 1990s and then receded in the mid-2000s; 2) for a decade from the mid-2000s, the balance of migration tipped towards the towns again; (3) from the mid-2010s, the migration gain of villages has become decisive. Budapest became again a destination for migration in the second stage, while the population its agglomeration - with varying extent - gradually increased its proportion within the country. In the examined periods, several urban areas represented significant migration surplus (mainly in Northwestern Transdanubia), while the county seats of Northern Hungary, hit by the industrial crisis, were characterized by emigration even at the level of their catchment areas. Settlement groups struggling with almost continuous migration losses appeared especially on the periphery along the northeastern border. In addition to 'welfare' suburbanization, however, many settlements also experienced the migration of poor people induced by financial problems of population. Migration processes were affected by the 2008-2009 crisis, the Covid-19 pandemic, and the government's family and housing policy. The relationship between the level of development expressed in terms of income and the internal migration balance is on the one hand contingent, on the other hand changing over time and not clear. After the grouping of settlements according to their income level, emigration seems to be more frequent among the most backward settlements, but the migration gains of the more developed settlement groups are significantly fluctuating. During the first suburbanization period, differences in the migration balance decreased, however, according to the levels of development, the gap opened both during the crisis and during the second suburbanization that unfolded again in the last decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]