Companion planting – behaviour of the cabbage root fly on host plants and non-host plants.

Six-hundred individual female cabbage root flies ( Delia radicum L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) were each observed for 20 min under laboratory conditions to record how they behaved after landing on a host or a non-host plant. Fly movements were recorded on host plants [cabbage – Brassica oleracea var. capitata (Cruciferae)] and non-host plants [clover – Trifolium subterraneum L. (Papilionaceae)] surrounded by bare soil and on cabbage surrounded by clover. The most frequently observed behaviours made by the flies were (1) hops/spiral flights and (2) walks/runs. In the bare soil situation, the 50 individual flies observed in each treatment made 66 hops/spiral flights on the cabbage and 94 on the clover. When the two plants were tested together the movements were not additive as, instead of the expected 160 hops/spiral flights in the mixed plant treatment, the flies made 210 hops/spiral flights when they landed initially on cabbage but only 130 when they landed initially on clover. Few of the flies that landed initially on clover moved onto the host plant, even though the host plant was only a few centimetres away. The duration of the individual walks and runs made by the cabbage root flies were similar on both the host and non-host plants. The only differences were the numbers of walks/runs made and the time the flies remained inactive. On the host plants, the females made four walks/runs, each of about 12 s duration, interspersed by rest periods that totalled 1.5 min. In contrast, on the non-host plants the females made 10 walks/runs, each of about 9 s duration, interspersed by rest periods that totalled 7 min. Therefore, after landing on a plant, the flies, on average, left the host plant after 2.25 min and the non-host plant after 8.5 min. Our conclusion is that the protracted time spent on the non-host plants is the mechanism that disrupts insects from finding host plants in diverse plantings. Hence, the flies were arrested by non-host plants rather than being repelled or deterred as suggested in earlier studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]