Enhanced low-field energy storage performance and dielectric stability in (Bi0.4Sr0.2K0.2Na0.2)(Ti1-xZrx)O3 high-entropy ceramics via B-site modification.

The current global energy situation is tense, necessitating the development of high-efficiency, low-cost, and eco-friendly energy materials. In this study, a series of perovskite lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics, denoted as (Bi 0.4 Sr 0.2 K 0.2 Na 0.2)(Ti 1- x Zr x)O 3 (BSKNT- x Zr) were designed to enhance the storage performance. The findings indicate that all samples exhibit a single perovskite structure. As the Zr4+ content increases, the configurational entropy of the samples increases, the cell volume expands, and the hysteresis loops become finer, while maintaining a high maximum polarization (P m) and effectively enhancing the energy storage performance. For the ceramic with x = 0.10, the energy density (W tot), recoverable energy density (W rec), and energy storage efficiency (η) values were determined to be 3.16 J/cm3, 2.67 J/cm3, and 84.3%, respectively, under an electric field of 230 kV/cm. Moreover, the introduction of Zr4+ reduces the relative permittivity and broadens the temperature range (Δ T) that simultaneously satisfies Δ ε/ε 150°C ≤ ±15% and 0 ≤ tan δ ≤ 0.02. This investigation underscores the potential of BSKNT- x Zr ceramics as high-performance, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly energy materials for addressing global energy requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]