Effect of aqueous seed extract of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on milk production in rats.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Fabaceae) aqueous seed extract on milk production in rats and to assess its phytoconstituents. Method: Three groups of six lactating rats were used. Each lactating rat and her six pups were kept apart. From lactation day 3 to 17, each group received a daily single oral dose of distilled water, metoclopramide (5 mg/kg), or aqueous seed extract of fenugreek (200 mg/kg). Three groups of six virgin rats also received the same treatment for 14 days. An indirect technique of daily milk produced for weight gain of pups was used to assess milk production. Serum prolactin levels in virgin rats were determined on days 1, 7 and 14. Bioactive compounds of fenugreek seed extract were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Results: On day 14, fenugreek seed extract and metoclopramide significantly increased prolactin levels in virgin rats (p < 0.01, p < 0.001), but only metoclopramide significantly increased milk production and pup weight gain (p < 0.05). Chromatographic analysis revealed diverse phytoconstituents of flavonoids, carbohydrates and amino acids. Conclusion: Fenugreek seed extract significantly influences serum prolactin levels in virgin rats but does not affect the milk production of lactating rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]