Monitoring oil and gas field CH4 leaks by Sentinel-5P and Sentinel-2.

• The combination of Sentinel-5P and Sentinel-2 observation identifies and monitor CH 4 leakage in the oil/gas field. • Sentinel-5P data to find CH 4 anomalies and Sentinel-2 to zoom in on this location to find CH 4 plumes. • Band-11 and band-12 of Sentinel-2 can be utilized for identifying CH 4 plumes. • The MBMP method can produce a clearer plume than the SBMP and MBSP methods. Methane (CH 4) ranks as the second most abundant greenhouse gas globally, following carbon dioxide (CO 2), constituting approximately one-sixth of total greenhouse gas emissions. While CH 4 levels in the atmosphere are lower compared to CO 2 , the warming potential of CH 4 greatly surpasses that of CO 2. With a relatively short atmospheric lifespan of approximately 12 years, mitigating CH 4 emissions presents a viable means to alleviate the impacts of climate change on human populations within a concise timeframe. The atmospheric sources of CH 4 primarily stem from two categories: natural and anthropogenic. A small number of super-emitters frequently contribute significantly to the overall regional emissions. Monitoring and repairing leaks from super emitters of CH 4 is a low-cost and effective way to slow down the greenhouse effect. Remote sensing satellites have gradually become an effective means of monitoring CH 4 leakage due to their low cost and large coverage. There is a range of satellites that can be used to monitor CH 4 concentrations and emissions, such as Sentinel-5P, GOSAT, GHGSat, Sentinel-2, GaoFen-5, Landsat, and so on. Because the pixel resolution is rough (about 7 km), Sentinel-5P (S5P) can only identify high-value CH 4 anomalies in some areas, making it difficult to identify and monitor point source CH 4 emission plumes. Sentinel-2(S2) can accurately detect CH 4 leakage in band-11 and band-12 with high pixel resolution (about 20 m) but with every 5-day revisit time. In this paper, we monitored and quantified oil and gas field CH 4 leakage using a combination of S5P and S2 data by taking advantage of the high temporal resolution (daily) of S5P and high spatial resolution (20 m) of S2. We used S5P data to find CH 4 anomalies. Then we used S2 to zoom in on this location to find CH 4 plumes. We used three different methods: Single-band–multi-pass (SBMP), Multi-band–single-pass (MBSP), and Multi-band-multi-pass (MBMP) to identify CH 4 plumes. Using these methods, we successfully monitored three emission source cases (Algeria, Mexico, and Turkmenistan) and discussed them. Through the above three cases, we can conclude that the MBMP method has higher stability in identifying S2 CH 4 plumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]