A Study on Relationship of Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Special Reference to Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Nephropathy.

Background: Aims: This study has been taken up to establish the possible relationship of Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) which can be used as a marker to predict the extend of target organ damage that may have already taken place at the time of diagnosis in a case of newly detected type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional observational study. 84 cases of newly diagnosed T2DM were studied over a period of two years from May 2017 to April 2019, for the prevalence of Retinopathy and Nephropathy and their relationship with HbA1C. Results: Out of 84 cases, 17(21.3%) cases were found to have Retinopathy out of which 13 patient had Mild NPDR and 4 patient had moderate NPDR. Most of the patients were with age between 41-60 years (77.4%) which was significantly higher (Z=7.74; p<0.0001). Most of the patients were with over weight (88.1%) which was significantly higher (Z=11.11; p<0.0001). 9.5% of them were having Class-I obesity. Diabetic retinopathy was present in 20.3% of patients with Mild NPDR being the most common form of diabetic retinopathy and a significant positive correlation was observed between level of HbA1C and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the newly diagnosed cases of T2DM. 3.6% cases had macroalbuminuria and a significant positive correlation was observed between HbA1C and prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in the newly diagnosed cases of T2DM. Conclusions: Our study can suggest that estimation of HbA1C should be done in all newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus cases so that we can easily assess the degree of chronic hypergycaemia and also to assess the presence of progression of these complications as eye and renal changes by optimum glycaemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]